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This script was a nightmare to pronounce. • Written with Molly Ruhl and Gretchen McCulloch. Gretchen’s podcast has an episode all about this: • More Language Files: Gretchen’s book BECAUSE INTERNET, all about the evolution of internet language, is available: 🇺🇸 US: 🇨🇦 CA: 🇬🇧 UK: (Those are affiliate links that give a commission to me or Gretchen, depending on country!) Graphics by William Marler: Audio mix by Graham Haerther and Manuel Simon at Standard Studios: REFERENCES: Zwicky, Arnold M. 1977. On clitics. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club. Anderson, S. R. 2005. Aspects of the theory of Clitics. New York: Oxford University. Palmer, F., Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. 2002. Inflectional morphology and related matters. In R. Huddleston & G. Pullum (Authors), The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (pp. 1565-1620). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi: Zwicky, Arnold M. 1994. What is a clitic? In Nevis, Joel A. & Joseph, Brian D. & Wanner, Dieter & Zwicky, Arnold M. (eds.), Clitics: a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991, xii–xx. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Pullum, G.K., & Zwicky, A.M. 1997. Licensing of prosodic features by syntactic rules: the key to auxiliary reduction. Zwicky, A.M. 1970. Auxiliary Reduction in English. Linguistic Inquiry, 1(3), 323–336. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2003. ‘Constructions in grammaticalization.’ In Brian D. Joseph & Richard D. Janda (eds.) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwel 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: