PACS 164A Lecture 12: Tragedy at Amritsar. Rebellion Heats Up - Part 2

In this lecture, Professor Michael Nagler begins by discussing the Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre, also known as the “Amritsar Massacre,” both as an example of the horrendous murders of civilians which took place throughout the course of the Freedom Struggle and to exemplify a concept which renowned peace scholar, Johan Galtung, refers to as “structural violence.” Building on this term, Professor Nagler continues to discuss Gandhi’s philosophies on nonviolence as they were relevant to his work in the early 1920s. Professor Nagler introduces events including Chauri Chaura, the actions of the British Raj, and concepts including Crawling orders, “Aggressive Programme” and “Constructive Programme,” Vykom Satyagraha, the Indian Caste System, and the history of Muslim and Hindu relations. Lecture Transcript: 0:03:50 Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre 0:06:18 Nonviolence vs Structural Violence 0:07:44 Sacrifice of the Satyagrahi 0:10:00 Gandhi’s &