Prokaryote’s Replication

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication differ in several key aspects, including complexity, initiation process, enzyme involvement, and rate of replication. Complexity and Location: Prokaryotic DNA Replication: Occurs in the cytoplasm as prokaryotes have no nucleus. Their DNA is circular and typically consists of a single chromosome. Eukaryotic DNA Replication: Takes place in the nucleus where DNA is linear and organized into multiple chromosomes. The presence of histones and more complex chromatin structure in eukaryotes also adds to the replication complexity. Initiation: Prokaryotes: Have a single origin of replication (oriC) where the replication process begins. Eukaryotes: Contain multiple origins of replication on each chromosome to ensure all DNA is replicated efficiently given the larger genome size. Enzymes and Proteins: Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes use DNA polymerase for replication, but the types and functions of associated enzymes and proteins vary. Eukaryotes, for example, use a different set of DNA polymerases and have additional factors involved in unwinding and repackaging DNA due to the complexity of their chromatin. Rate of Replication: Prokaryotes: Replicate DNA at a faster rate, approximately 1,000 bases per second. Eukaryotes: Have a slower replication rate, roughly 50-100 bases per second. This difference is partly due to the more intricate chromatin structure and the need to coordinate replication with cell cycle stages. Termination: Prokaryotes: The circular DNA allows for a simpler termination once the replication forks meet. Eukaryotes: Must carefully manage the replication of linear DNA ends (telomeres) to prevent loss of genetic information. The differences in DNA replication between prokaryotes and eukaryotes reflect their evolutionary adaptations to different cellular complexities, genome sizes, and life cycles. The approximate rate of DNA replications in procaryotes is A) 10 bases per second B) 1,000 bases per second C) 100,000 bases per second Another name for the three stop codons which aid in termination of translation is A) nonsense codons B) missense codons C) pause codons