(2) A TREATISE OF HUMAN NATURE By David Hume. Audiobook, full length

Audiobook from classics collection / best-sellers. “A Treatise of Human Nature“ is a groundbreaking philosophical work written by the Scottish philosopher David Hume. First published in 1739-1740, this book is considered one of the most important and influential works in the history of Western philosophy. It explores a wide range of topics in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and philosophy of mind, presenting a systematic and empirically grounded approach to understanding human nature and the human mind. The book is divided into three volumes, each of which focuses on different aspects of human nature and philosophical inquiry: Volume 1: “Of the Understanding“ In this volume, Hume begins by critiquing the traditional rationalist and empiricist approaches to knowledge. He argues that human knowledge is derived from sensory experiences and that the mind can only form meaningful ideas and beliefs based on these impressions. Hume distinguishes between “impressions“ (vivid and direct sensory experiences) and “ideas“ (less vivid copies of impressions). He also introduces the concept of “relations of ideas“ and “matters of fact.“ Relations of ideas are necessary truths that can be known a priori, such as mathematical propositions, while matters of fact are contingent truths that can only be known a posteriori. Hume’s famous problem of induction is also introduced in this volume. He questions the justification for inductive reasoning, arguing that it cannot be rationally justified. This problem has had a profound impact on the philosophy of science and epistemology. Volume 2: “Of the Passions“ The second volume delves into human emotions and moral philosophy. Hume explores the nature of passion and emotion, arguing that reason alone cannot motivate action. He famously posits that reason is the “slave of the passions,“ meaning that emotions and desires are the primary motivators of human behavior. Hume’s moral philosophy, often referred to as moral sentimentalism, emphasizes the role of sentiment and empathy in determining moral judgments. He argues that moral distinctions arise from our natural feelings of approval or disapproval of actions and their consequences. Volume 3: “Of Morals“ In the third volume, Hume continues his exploration of ethics, focusing on the concepts of justice, benevolence, and other moral virtues. He presents a detailed account of the social and psychological mechanisms that underlie our moral judgments. Hume also addresses the problem of free will and determinism, arguing that our actions are causally determined, but moral responsibility is still compatible with determinism. Throughout the treatise, Hume advances a comprehensive and empirically grounded account of human nature. He challenges many traditional philosophical doctrines and offers a radical empiricist perspective, emphasizing the importance of observation and experience in shaping our understanding of the world. Hume’s work laid the groundwork for subsequent philosophers, including Immanuel Kant, who responded to Hume’s ideas by developing his own philosophical system known as transcendental idealism. In summary, “A Treatise of Human Nature“ is a seminal work in the history of philosophy that addresses fundamental questions about human cognition, emotions, and morality. It remains a significant text for those interested in epistemology, metaphysics, and ethics and has had a lasting impact on the development of modern philosophy. Part II. 00:00:00 Book II. Part III. 04:46:58 Book II. Part II. 09:48:11 Book II. Part II. 09:52:29 Book II. Part II. 10:05:22 More: A Treatise of Human Nature, David Hume, audiobook full length, philosophy, skepticism ideas, cause and effect, knowledge probability, mind, reason experience, nature