What ARE atomic orbitals?

What are atomic orbitals in chemistry? How do orbitals work, why do they have weird gaps, and why do textbooks show them as hard shells half the time and fuzzy clouds the rest of the time? And where can we see things like electronic orbitals in the world around us? Watch this video to see electronic orbitals and energy levels explained and visualized. I would especially like to thank the staff of the Fukuoka City Science Museum for their time and generous support. (scroll down for English) Two-dimensional waves: Bohmian mechanics: Understanding electron ‘spin’: How all that leads to the Pauli Exclusion Principle: Visit us on Instagram: Three Twentysix Project Leader: Dr Andrew Robertson Assistant Editor: Purple Saptari 3D animations/production assistant: Es Hiranpakorn Graphic Design: Maria Sucianto This video was produced at Kyushu University and supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21K02904. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Kyushu University, JSPS or MEXT.